An examination of the top exporters to Russia from 2019 to 2021 (through August) revealed a startling pattern at the national level. Our Russia Export data show that, including bank-shipped cash, Germany was Russia's top trading partner in terms of the USD value of items exported to Russia.

Germany was the source of $40 billion in inflows into Russia in 2019, followed by China ($29 billion), Switzerland ($25 billion), Austria ($24 billion), Ireland ($15 billion), and Hong Kong ($13 billion). The Netherlands, Italy, France, and the UK made up the final four spots in the top 10, in that order.