Hadiths, the sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), serve as a crucial source of guidance alongside the Quran for Muslims. Understanding their different classifications is essential for accurate interpretation and application. Here’s a breakdown of key types:

1. Based on Reference to Authority:



• Qudsi Hadith: Words directly conveyed by God but transmitted through Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)’s words. They are considered sacred but not part of the Quran.
• Sharif Hadith: Words or actions directly attributed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). These form the bulk of hadith collections.

2. Based on Chain of Transmitters (Isnad):

• Mutawatir: Narrated by such a large number of trustworthy individuals that its authenticity is undeniable.
• Ahad: Narrated by a limited number of individuals. Further categorized as:
• Mashhur: Narrated by more than two individuals in each generation of transmission.
• Aziz: Narrated by two individuals in each generation.
• Gharib: Narrated by only one individual in each generation.

3. Based on Authenticity:

• Sahih: Possesses a strong chain of reliable transmitters and a text free from contradictions. Considered the most authentic type.
• Hasan: Chain of transmission is good but less strong than Sahih. Text is free from contradictions.
• Da’if: Chain of transmission is weak or contains unreliable narrators. Text might have contradictions.
• Mawdu’ (Fabricated): Intentionally invented and falsely attributed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

4. Based on Nature of Text (Matn):

• Mubham: Text is ambiguous requiring interpretation based on context and other sources.
• Mujmal: Text is concise and implies a broader meaning needing elaboration.
• Musarrah: Text is clear and unambiguous with a readily understandable meaning.

5. Based on Legal Status:

• Amr (Command): Direct instruction to perform a specific action.
• Nahi (Prohibition): Forbidding a specific action.
• Ibahah (Permission): Allowing something previously considered prohibited.
• Irshad (Recommendation): Encouragement towards a specific action.

Important Considerations:

• Hadith classification is complex and involves scholarly analysis of both Isnad and Matn.
• Each classification has its own significance and implications for understanding the hadith’s meaning and applicability.
• Consulting reliable sources and qualified scholars is crucial for accurately interpreting and applying hadith in daily life.

Remember, this is a brief overview. For deeper understanding, I encourage you to explore resources from reputable Islamic scholars and institutions.

Sahih Muslim (7 Vols) – SOLTLANE