SECURE SYNOPSIS: 15 JULY 2019

NOTE: Please remember that following ‘answers’ are NOT ‘model answers’. They are NOT synopsis too if we go by definition of the term. What we are providing is content that both meets demand of the question and at the same time gives you extra points in the form of background information.

1) To what extent it is correct to say that development of Indian music is a story of a transformation from spiritualism to emotive affairs? Discuss the factors which influenced Indian music throughout its history.(250 words)

 The question aims to discuss the transition Music as an art has taken from spiritualism to emotional aspects. Trace the evolution of music as an art in the Indian society. Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments. Discuss in brief the importance of music and its genesis in India. Discussion should detail upon the genesis of music as an artform, and one must possibly trace its evolution through history, in what way it changed progressively and evolved from spiritualism to emotional affairs of individuals and public life. Conclude with significance of Music as an immortal artform which is in continuous transformation with passage of time.

India has  a  great  history  of  music  dating  from  the  ancient  period  up  to  the  present  time. Many  Artists,  musicologists,  and  Scholars  enriched  Indian  Music  by  their  endless efforts. Various Yogis and Religious Gurus also made contributions to enrich Indian Musical Tradition.  With Changing Times a lot of changes came into Indian Music.

Evolution of Indian music – from spiritualism to emotive affairs:

The various factors which influenced Indian music throughout its history:

Influences on Indian music have been many and varied. The impact of Indian Thought and Philosophy on Indian Classical Music and of the various customs on the external and internal natural aspects of our melodic musical culture has ever been one major expression of our cultural heritage.

2)  “Defection is condemnable, especially if it is to bring down one regime and form another.” Comment in the backdrop of political crisis presently facing the state of Karnataka. (250 words)

Defection is “desertion by one member of the party of his loyalty towards his political party” or basically it means “When an elected representative joins another party without resigning his present party for benefits”. The recent episode in Karnataka where a set of MLAs have resigned from one party to join another to further their own interests has brought the anti-defection debate to the fore again. The Supreme Court’s decision to ask the parties to the political crisis in Karnataka to maintain the status quo until it examines the questions of law involved, is pragmatic and expedient.

The Anti-Defection Law was passed in 1985 through the 52nd Amendment to the Constitution, which added the Tenth Schedule to the Indian Constitution.  The main intent of the law was to combat “the evil of political defections” which may be due to reward of office or other similar considerations.  The law applies to both Parliament and state assemblies. However, there are several issues in relation to the working of this law.

3) India has recently recorded the fastest absolute reduction in the Index value among 10 countries across every developing region. Evaluate the policy paradigm that has led to such a commendable progress.(250 words)

The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2019 report, an initiative of the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and the United Nations Development Programme, released last week, says that India has recorded the fastest absolute reduction in the Index value among 10 countries across every developing region. The answer must analyse policies and programs that made the change in poverty levels possible. Evaluate – When you are asked to evaluate, you have to pass a sound judgement about the truth of the given statement in the question or the topic based on evidences.  You have to appraise the worth of the statement in question. There is scope for forming a personal opinion here. Highlight the findings of the report in a line or two. Discuss the key findings of the report – According to this report, between 2005-06 and 2015-16, India lifted 271 million out of poverty and reduced deprivations in many of its 10 indicators, particularly in assets, cooking fuel, sanitation and nutrition. It also says that Jharkhand, among the poorest regions in the world, reduced the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty — captured in indicators such as nutrition, sanitation, child mortality, housing, cooking fuel, years of schooling and electricity — the fastest. Explain in what way schemes or programmes designed to provide pucca housing, toilets, cooking gas, power, roads and healthcare or the public provision of private goods with a lot of positive externalities have led to the change in the poverty dynamics. Conclude with need for growth with its trickle-down effect to further reduce and eliminate poverty and to ensure economic convergence among states.

The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2019 report, an initiative of the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and the United Nations Development Programme, released last week, says that India has recorded the fastest absolute reduction in the Index value among 10 countries across every developing region.

But all these programmes need resources which can come only from growth with its trickle-down effect. So the focus has to be on growth to further reduce and eliminate poverty and to ensure economic convergence among states. A couple of percentage points’ increase or decrease in growth can make a big difference to a nation’s destiny.

4) Chandrayaan 2 is yet another audacious attempt being made by ISRO in the field of space research. Examine the distinctiveness and significance of such a mission.(250 words)

The question is to evaluate the distinctness and significance of Chandrayaan 2 mission. The answer must discuss in detail the objectives of the mission and what factors make it significant for India. Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we have to look into the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. Start with the fact that Chandrayaan-2 is all set for 3.84 lakh km voyage. Chandrayaan-2, which is the first Indian moon landing mission, is all set to head on its 3.84 lakh km voyage to the moon in the early hours of Monday, July 15, 2019. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has scheduled the launch of its lunar probe, by a GSLV MkIII rocket, from the country’s Sriharikota spaceport for 2.51 a.m. A sequel to Chandrayaan-1, which was launched in 2008 and only orbited the moon at a distance of 100 km, Chandrayaan-2 entails the first attempt by any nation to make a landing on the moon’s mineral rich south pole.  Explain that If ISRO achieves the feat in its first attempt, it will make India only the fourth country to soft-land on the lunar surface.

Chandrayaan-2 is India’s second lunar exploration mission after Chandrayaan-1, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It involves the three modules: the Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan) to conduct various scientific experiments on lunar surface.

Based on the new landing-profile, the mission has further changes and new problems, with mission engineers working overtime to ensure timely launch. With the scientific mission riding on Chandrayaan-2, a successful landing near the south pole in itself would be an extraordinary feat for ISRO as well as global space exploration agencies.

5) Infrastructure expansion has witnessed noteworthy stimulus in India in the recent times. Discuss. (250 words) 

India requires a huge corpus of investment in order to cope up for its infrastructure deficits. The sector has witnessed moderate growth recently and the government has also initiated various steps to boost investment in infrastructure sector.  The answer must detail about the status of infrastructure growth in India and bring out in detail the impetus received by the sector recently. Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments. In few lines bring out the current state of India’s infrastructure sector, in what way it drives the economy. Discussion should include the following:  First highlight the present stimulus that the sector is witnessing in India, what are the various provisions in terms of laws, policies, programs that the sector is gaining prospects from. Explain what are the present infrastructure gaps existing currently, in what way these gaps can be addressed.

Infrastructure is a key driver of the overall development of Indian economy. It is seen that investments in infrastructure equal to 1% of GDP will result in GDP growth of at least 2% as infrastructure has a “multiplier effect” on economic growth across sectors. The recent headway made in developing transport infrastructure will prove to be the biggest enabler for growth.

However, there are still challenges which need to be tackled.

If  proper  effort  is  made  in  expanding  education,  health  facilities,  and  physical infrastructure and improving their quality by increasing budgetary allocation and improving governance, it will go a long way in reducing poverty, improving human development, and reviving and sustaining high rates of economic growth in India.

6) Do you agree that the much of the current crisis facing Indian railways is originating from the fragmented structure of the rail bureaucracy? Critically analyse. (250 words)

The question aims to analyse the issues and concerns marring the Indian railways system specifically in the domain of bureaucracy. Explain in detail the various issues concerning the Indian railways system in what way the issues can be addressed. Critically analyze – When asked to analyse, you have to examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them as a whole in a summary. When ‘critically’ is suffixed or prefixed to a directive, one needs to look at the good and bad of the topic and give a fair judgement. Highlight the current state of railway affairs in India. Explain the following points in detail –  Discuss first how railways have come far ahead in time. Explain specific issues that still surround it despite dedicated policies and programs in place. Quote the reasons due to which the issue still persists, in what way they can be resolved. Discuss the idea of third service cadre —the Indian Railways Management Service, the idea is that the IR management service — drawing talent from the technical and logistics services etc. as solutions to the existing problems.

Indian Railways (IR) has been the prime movers of the nation. IR is the second largest railway system in the world under single management. IR has historically played an important integrating role in the socio-economic development of the country. Railways has been crying out for help for decades. Despite the huge allocation of funds that it gets each year, the lifeline of India continues to suffer.

Extra information:The Indian Railways — that runs 19,000 trains including 12,000 passenger trains to carry 24 million passengers each day on its 65,000 km tracks — confronts big challenges. Its networks are clogged, with approximately 492 of the total of 1219 sections — 40 percent of all sections — running at over 100 percent of above-line capacity. From 1950 to 1916, passenger and freight traffic grew by 1,344 percent and 1,642 percent respectively, while the network increased by a mere 23 percent

Indian Railways needs to learn from ISRO in target driven goals, team spirit, Research and Development, transparency, speed and active collaboration with the private sector. “Process, structural and cultural reforms” are the needs of the hour to resuscitate the IR.

7) What do you understand by Integral humanism? Is the concept still relevant in the present political and economic conditions of India? Discuss.(250 words)

The question is based on the concept of integral humanism. Explain in detail the concept and its relevance in the present economical and political conditions of the country. Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you have to debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You have to give reasons for both for and against arguments. Discuss the concept in brief – Integral Humanism is a fine balance between Western Capitalism & Marxist Socialism. It avoids excesses or extremes of any of them. Explain that as per Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya principles of Capitalism or Socialism cannot be made the principles of progress & development in India. According to him, India needs to develop an indigenous economic model that puts human at the centre stage. According to him “Humankind had four hierarchically organized attributes of body, mind, intellect and soul which corresponded to four universal objectives, kama (desire or satisfaction), artha (wealth), dharma (moral duties) and moksha (total liberation or ‘salvation’). While none could be ignored, dharma is the ‘basic’, and moksha the ‘ultimate’ objective of humankind and society. He claimed that the main problem with both capitalist and socialist ideologies is this that they only consider the needs of body and mind, and were hence based on the materialist objectives of desire and wealth”. Discuss the relevance of the concept in all spheres – social, economic and political. Conclude with relevance of the concept even as of today in political and economic aspects.

Integral humanism was a set of concepts drafted by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya as a political program and adopted in 1965 as the official doctrine of the Jan Sangh. Upadhyaya borrowed the Gandhian principles such as sarvodaya (progress of all), swadeshi (domestic), and Gram Swaraj (village self rule) and these principles were appropriated selectively to give more importance to cultural-national values. These values were based on an individual’s undisputed subservience to nation as a corporate entity.

Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya opined that principles of Capitalism or Socialism cannot be made the principles of progress & development in India. According to him, India needed to develop an indigenous economic model that puts human at the centre stage. Tracing its origins to the non-dualistic philosophy of Advaita Vedanta, integral humanism propagated the oneness of various souls, be it of human, animal or plant origin. Rejecting the intrinsic diversity based on race, colour, caste or religion, it identified all human beings as part of this one organic whole, sharing a common consciousness of national thought. And putting this into a political perspective, either then or now, it meant that Hindus, Muslims, Christians and the people of all other faiths and sects are essentially one and that their intrinsic unity should be based on this common consciousness of “Rashtriyata”.

Integral Humanism is a fine balance between Western Capitalism & Marxist Socialism. It avoids excesses or extremes of any of them. It builds on an organic thought, where it imagines an Indian nation, which is guided by common principles of moral order

Source: Insightsonindia.com

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Keywords:

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